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Microsoft 365

DomainKeys Identified Mail and Microsoft 365 Exchange Online and how to configure it

April 27, 2023 by AJNI No Comments

Mailing is daily business in an organization and to increase the trustworthiness of your domain, you should firstly configure a TXT/SPF record and secondly configure DomainKeys, also known as DKIM.

DKIM works by adding a digital signature to the header of an email message that verifies that the message was sent from a trusted source and has not been tampered with during transmission.
When an email is sent using DKIM, the sender’s domain name is included in the digital signature. This allows the receiving email server to verify that the message was sent from an authorized sender and that the message has not been modified in transit. If the digital signature is valid, the email is considered to be legitimate and is delivered to the recipient’s inbox. If the digital signature is invalid, the email is likely to be marked as spam or blocked entirely.

Configuring DKIM if you have Microsoft 365 Exchange Online as a mail system is very straightforward. Just go to https://security.microsoft.com/dkimv2 and enable DKIM on the corresponding domain. Afterwards create the DNS entries as instructed by Microsoft 365.

Usually you’ll have 2 entries, for example:

selector1 and selector2._domainkey.ajni.it CNAME pointing to a Microsoft internal DNS entry.

After creating the DNS entries (like usual you’ll have to wait a bit because of DNS and its slowness), you can verify them in the M365 portal and activate the DKIM signature on all emails (see reference below).

If you have a newsletter solution that does not use Microsoft 365 to send emails, you should check whether they offer DKIM (they should otherwise it’s not a proper newsletter software). Usually you’ll have to configure two CNAME DNS entries on your domain with a selector, similar to Microsoft 365:

k1_domainkey.domain.com and k2_domainkey.domain.com CNAME points to the newsletter solution domain. The TXT record of that DNS record contains the public key. See mailchimp for example:

Looking at the message headers, you can see that domain signature is all right:

ARC-Authentication-Results  i=2; mx.google.com; dkim=pass header.i=@ajni.it header.s=selector1 header.b=TJJLfT54; arc=pass (i=1 spf=pass spfdomain=ajni.it dkim=pass dkdomain=ajni.it dmarc=pass fromdomain=ajni.it); spf=pass (google.com: domain of test@ajni.it designates 2a01:111:f400:7e24::614 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=test@ajni.it

The next step would be to configure a DMARC policy, so that someone trying to impersonate your domain gets rejected and reported to you.

When an email is received, the receiving email server checks the sender’s domain for a DMARC policy, and then follows the instructions specified in that policy to determine whether the email is legitimate or not.

A sample DMARC policy would look like this:

_dmarc.ajni.it TXT
v=DMARC1; p=reject; rua=mailto:dmarcreports@example.com; ruf=mailto:dmarcfailures@example.com; sp=none; aspf=r;

This policy tells email receivers to reject any messages that fail authentication checks (p=reject), and to send aggregate and forensic DMARC reports to the specified email addresses (rua and ruf). The policy also indicates that the domain owner is not enforcing a policy for messages that do not pass SPF checks (sp=none), and that they are requesting SPF-aligned messages to be treated as passing but are not requiring DKIM alignment to pass (aspf=r).

This is just an example and policies may vary depending on the organization’s specific needs and email infrastructure.

References:

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/email-authentication-dkim-configure?view=o365-worldwide

Reading time: 2 min
Citrix XenApp•Citrix Xendesktop•VDI

Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops 2203+ (or even older) cannot reconnect disconnected session

April 12, 2023 by AJNI No Comments

Having issues with users reconnecting a disconnected Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops session? These keys might help you. Citrix support confirmed, that they help starting at Server 2016 VDA.

Fastreconnect is a feature that was introduced by Microsoft to enhance session reconnect through RDP, but through Citrix ICA it seems that is does not improve anything.

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Citrix\Reconnect
FastReconnect REG_DWORD 0

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Citrix\Ica\GroupPolicy
EnforceUserPolicyEvaluationSuccess REG_DWORD 0

References:

https://www.reddit.com/r/Citrix/comments/x6frfq/ltsr_2203_disconnected_sessions_are_lost_upon/

Reading time: 1 min
Citrix XenApp•Cloud Computing•Powershell•Windows Server

Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops 2203+ grey screen/ConnectionFailure in Eventviewer

March 19, 2023 by AJNI No Comments

Having grey screen issues with CVAD 2203+ and higher on Windows Server 2022 Terminal server? I had this issue occurring on Citrix 2212. Try running this script. It might help you out. Do a VM backup or snapshot before running the script, just to be sure.

$iddHwId = “VEN_5853&DEV_1003”
$pnpDispDevPath = “HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Enum\SWD\RemoteDisplayEnum”

try
{
    $iddDevEntries = Get-ChildItem -Path $pnpDispDevPath -ErrorAction Stop| Where-Object Name -Match $iddHwId
}
catch
{
    Write-Output “Failed to query remote ID device entries”
    Write-Output $_
    return
}

if ($iddDevEntries.Count -eq 0)
{
     Write-Output “No remote ID device entries found.”
     return
}

$iddDevEntries | ForEach-Object {
    
    $devName = ($_.Name -Split “\\”)[-1]
    
    try
    {
        Remove-ItemProperty -Path $_.PsPath * -ErrorAction Stop
        Write-Output “Cleared values for $devName”
    }
    catch
    {
        Write-Output “Failed to clear values for $devName”
        Write-Output $_
    }
}

This saved my day:

https://discussions.citrix.com/topic/417832-cvad-connectionfailure-after-install-ltsr-2203-cu2-on-server-2022/page/3/

Reading time: 1 min
AI & Deep Learning

Have you already heard of ChatGPT, AI and Language Models?

March 6, 2023 by AJNI No Comments

ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence language model that has been trained on a massive dataset of written text, allowing it to generate human-like responses to a wide range of queries and questions. As part of the OpenAI project, ChatGPT is one of the most sophisticated AI language models available today, capable of understanding and processing natural language input in a way that was once considered impossible.

The development of ChatGPT and other AI language models like it has been driven by a desire to create machines that can more effectively communicate with humans. With the ability to understand and generate language, these models have the potential to transform many industries, including customer service, education, and healthcare. By enabling machines to understand and respond to human language, we can create more efficient and personalized interactions between humans and machines.

One of the key benefits of AI language models like ChatGPT is their ability to learn from vast amounts of data. By analyzing large amounts of text, these models can identify patterns and relationships within language, allowing them to generate responses that are both accurate and contextually appropriate. This has significant implications for areas such as natural language processing, machine translation, and text analysis.

However, the development of AI language models like ChatGPT also raises important ethical considerations. As these models become more sophisticated, there is a risk that they could be used to create convincing fake news or other forms of disinformation. Additionally, there are concerns that these models could be used to create biased or discriminatory responses, particularly if they are trained on data that reflects societal biases.

Ultimately, the development of ChatGPT and other AI language models is a significant step forward in our ability to communicate with machines. While there are certainly challenges and risks associated with this technology, the potential benefits are vast, and it is likely that AI language models will play an increasingly important role in our lives in the years to come.

Sources:

Generated by ChatGPT https://chat.openai.com/chat

Reading time: 1 min
Microsoft 365

Outdated Before Its Time: The Disadvantages of the Microsoft Cloud ecosystem

March 1, 2023 by AJNI No Comments

Microsoft’s decision to stop supporting Microsoft 365 services on Office 2016/2019 after October 2023 (which is this year) can be viewed as a cynical attempt to encourage users to upgrade to newer versions of Office. This can be seen as a ploy to generate more revenue for the company, rather than a genuine concern for its users.

Furthermore, the frequent updates and changes to Microsoft’s productivity tools can be overwhelming for some users. The constant need to adapt to new features and interfaces can lead to frustration and reduced productivity. Users may feel like they are always playing catch-up and never have the opportunity to fully master their tools before they are outdated.

Moreover, the cost of upgrading to a newer version of Office can be prohibitive for some individuals and businesses. For smaller organizations, the cost of upgrading may be a significant burden. This can create an uneven playing field, where only those with the financial resources to upgrade can fully take advantage of the latest productivity tools.

In conclusion, while the announcement that Microsoft 365 services are supported on “modern” apps may appear positive at first glance, the fact that Office 2019 is considered “old” is a cause for outrage. The frequent updates and changes to Microsoft’s productivity tools can be overwhelming, and the cost of upgrading can be prohibitive for some users. These factors can create an uneven playing field and may cause frustration for end users and solutions providers who cannot keep up with the pace of technological advancements.

My two cents: Microsoft is greedy and wants to maximize profit while showing the middle finger to customers and solution providers.

Sources:

ChatGPT helped me out, just a little bit https://chat.openai.com/chat

Reading time: 1 min
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